Jesus
Christ: God and Man
Catholics believe Jesus is fully God and fully Man. He is
named as “the Christ”. He is the King of the Universe, the
Word of God, and the long awaited Messiah of the People of
Israel. He was born of the Virgin Mary, suffered, was
crucified, truly died, and rose again bodily, all for our
sins. He returned to heaven where He continues to intercede
for us before God the Father. He will come again to judge
the living and the dead. Jesus was a great teacher, and His
teachings are the very teachings of God.
God: The
Trinity
Catholics believe the formula found in the Nicene Creed,
and therefore believe the ONE God who exists as THREE
Persons. Essentially Catholics believe that the Father, the
Son, and the Holy Spirit are all God, one in substance and
will, but distinct in some way, but not divided. This
mystery of faith does exceed human comprehension, but we
are able to develop a relationship with the Triune God
through prayer and worship.
The Church:
One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic
Catholics believe that the Catholic Church is the visible
institution that Jesus established to continue his work in
all generations. There are other Christian churches and
denominations that have been founded historically. Many of
these contain some of the elements of the Church.
The Church is ONE, because it is unified by Jesus across
regions and time periods. The Church is HOLY on account of
the presence of Jesus in the Church and in the Ritual
Sacraments it provides. The Church is CATHOLIC because it
professes the fulness of the faith that has been handed
down to us from Jesus. Finally, the Church is APOSTOLIC
because its teaching and authority come from the apostles
themselves.
Authority:
Scripture and Tradition
Catholic believe in two sources of authority for the
Church’s Teachings: Scripture and Tradition. Ultimately,
Jesus is our authority, but this authority has been passed
from Jesus to His Apostles and to their successors.
Catholics believe that the Bible is the product of the
Tradition of the Early Church. Catholic hold the Bible in
high regard as the inspired Word of God, and while it
cannot teach contrary to the Bible’s Teachings, its
teachings also need to be interpreted by the Tradition
passed down from the Apostles to their successors, the
Bishops of the Church.
Within the Church, the teaching authority of the Bishop of
Rome (known as the Pope), the successor of the Apostle
Peter, is considered to have primacy. However, the Church
more usually teaches by collegial decisions of the Bishops
of the World united with the Pope. The Church defines that
some teachings are infallible truth which can be held with
certainty because teachings on Faith and Morals are
protected from Error by the work of the Holy Spirit.
Creation
Catholics believe that creation is essentially good, and
that God uses creation for His purposes, but that it has
been marred by Original Sin, the result of the sin of the
first humans. The Creation stories have historically been
interpreted in three different ways: literal, allegorical,
or in the light of the science of the day. The creation of
the universe by God from nothing (ex nihilo) is a mystery
which is not incompatible with these three different
interpretations. Catholics recognise that the purpose of
the book of Genesis is not primarily to give us a
historical account of creation, but to answer the deeper
question of “How did Sin come into the World”.
Sin
Sin is the deliberate, freely chosen, transgression of
God’s law. There are two types of sin: mortal sin and
venial sin. Sin that expels all charity from us is mortal,
while sin that merely weakens charity is venial. For a sin
to be mortal, the offense must be serious (have grave
matter), and the act done freely, with deliberation. After
committing a mortal sin, one must receive the sacrament of
reconciliation before receiving communion.
Sin entered the world through the disobedience of Adam and
Eve. Original Sin is the privation of grace, inherited by
all humans from Adam and Eve. Because of Jesus’ atoning
death on the cross, we have the opportunity to have our
sins forgiven, and this is not possible apart from God's
grace.
Salvation
and Grace
Catholics believe we are saved only by God's grace working
in us. Thus we are justified, transformed from the state of
unrighteousness into a state of holiness and the sonship of
God, on account of Jesus. Justification is the merciful and
freely given act of God which takes away our sins and makes
us just and holy in our whole being. This justification is
given to us in the sacrament of baptism. Justification is
the beginning of our free response to God, that is our
faith in Jesus and our cooperation with the grace of the
Holy Spirit. Thus Catholics believe in salvation by grace
alone, solely on account of the work of Jesus.
Worship and
Rituals
The sacraments are divinely instituted signs that give the
grace that they signify. In other words, sacraments are
rituals and events through which God gives us grace.
Catholics and Orthodox accept seven sacraments: Baptism,
Holy Eucharist, Reconciliation, Confirmation, Holy Orders,
Matrimony, and Anointing of the Sick.
Morality
The Catholic Church draws its moral Teachings from
the message of Jesus. Morality boils down to love: loving
God and loving our neighbors. If we truly love God (who
himself is love) and neighbour, then our behaviour toward
ourselves and others will reflect this commitment. The
Catholic Church teaches that we are to strive for holiness
and perfection, since Jesus told us to be perfect as the
Father is perfect (Matthew 5:48). However, this is only
accomplished with the help of God's grace. Catholics
believe that we are called to turn from evil, and towards
the good. This means turning away from actions and thoughts
that are contrary to God's will. Most sins can be traced to
the Seven Deadly Sins (Pride, Envy, Lust, Wrath, Gluttony,
Greed, Sloth). Turning toward the good means developing
virtue, that is a habitual and firm disposition to do good.
The core virtues are divided into the Theological Virtues,
which are the foundation of Christian moral activity
(faith, hope, and love), and the Cardinal Virtues, virtues
around which all others are grouped (Prudence, Justice,
Temperance, Fortitude).
The Virgin
Mary
Mary is the mother of Jesus Christ, fully God and fully
man, thus she is called theotokos (God-Bearer) and "mother
of God." Catholics believe that Mary was a virgin when she
gave birth to Jesus, and we believe that Mary remained a
Virgin her entire life. We believe that Mary was conceived
without original sin in order to be a sinless bearer of God
incarnate: Jesus Christ. This is known as the immaculate
conception. This sinlessness was accomplished only on
account of God's grace, and not on Mary's merits. We
believe that after Mary completed the course of her earthly
life, she was assumed into heaven, similar to the way the
great saint Elijah was. Mary is the Mother of us and the
mother of the Church, and just as Jesus is the new Adam,
Mary is the new Eve, who obeyed God where Eve disobeyed.
Saints

